What is Image Compression?
Image compression reduces the file size of a picture while trying to keep it looking good. Every digital image is made of pixels, and each pixel stores color data. A raw, uncompressed photo from a modern camera can easily reach 20-30 MB. That is far too heavy for websites, emails, or app assets. Compression algorithms analyze the pixel data and find ways to represent the same visual information using fewer bytes. The result is a smaller file that loads faster, uses less bandwidth, and takes up less storage — all without requiring you to change the image dimensions.
There are two main approaches: lossy and lossless. Lossy compression discards some data that the human eye is unlikely to notice. JPEG is the classic lossy format. When you set a JPEG quality parameter between 0 and 100, you are telling the encoder how aggressively to throw away detail. A quality of 80 often looks nearly identical to the original while cutting file size by 60-70%. Lossless compression, on the other hand, keeps every single pixel intact. PNG uses lossless compression and is the go-to choice when you need transparency or pixel-perfect accuracy. The trade-off is that lossless files are larger than lossy ones at comparable visual quality.
Modern formats like WebP combine the best of both worlds. WebP supports lossy and lossless modes, transparency, and even animation. Google's own benchmarks show WebP lossy images are roughly 25-35% smaller than equivalent JPEG files at the same perceptual quality measured by the SSIM metric. This tool compresses your images right inside your browser using the Canvas API toBlob() method. Your images never leave your browser — nothing gets uploaded to a server, so your photos stay private from start to finish.