What Is Korean Health Insurance?
Korean health insurance — 건강보험 — is a mandatory social insurance system that provides universal healthcare coverage to all residents of South Korea. Administered by the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS, 국민건강보험공단), it operates under the National Health Insurance Act (국민건강보험법). Every Korean citizen and every foreign resident who meets the eligibility criteria must enroll. The system is funded primarily through contributions from insured individuals and their employers, supplemented by government subsidies. As of recent data, the program covers over 52 million people and reimburses healthcare providers for covered services at rates negotiated between the NHIS and medical associations. Co-payments — the portion you pay out of pocket at the point of care — typically range from 20% to 60% depending on the type of facility and service.
The contribution rate for 2024 is 7.09% of the subscriber's monthly income. For workplace subscribers — employees covered through their employer — this rate is split equally between employer and employee, with each paying 3.545%. Self-employed individuals and others classified as community subscribers (지역가입자) pay the full contribution themselves, but their calculation method differs. Instead of a simple percentage of salary, community subscriber premiums are based on a point system that factors in income, property, vehicle ownership, and other assets. This means two people with identical incomes could pay different premiums if one owns property and the other does not. The system is designed to approximate ability to pay, but the property-based factors have been controversial and are being gradually reformed.
On top of the basic health insurance contribution, all subscribers pay an additional long-term care insurance premium (장기요양보험료). This is calculated as a percentage of the health insurance premium itself — 12.81% for 2024. So if your monthly health insurance premium is 200,000 KRW, your long-term care premium is an additional 25,620 KRW. Long-term care insurance funds services for elderly and disabled individuals who need assistance with daily activities — home care, institutional care, and special equipment. The two premiums are collected together by the NHIS, and most people see them as a single line item on their paycheck or premium notice.