What is BMI?
Body Mass Index — commonly known as BMI — is a numerical value derived from your weight and height. The formula is simple: divide your weight in kilograms by the square of your height in meters (kg/m^2). A person who weighs 70 kg and stands 1.75 m tall, for example, has a BMI of roughly 22.9. That single number places them within the WHO Normal weight category. Health professionals around the world use this metric as a quick screening tool to flag potential weight-related health risks, though it was never designed to serve as a standalone diagnosis.
The concept dates back to the 1830s, when Belgian mathematician Adolphe Quetelet developed what he called the Quetelet Index. He was studying population-level statistics, not individual health. It was not until the 1970s that researcher Ancel Keys renamed it the Body Mass Index and promoted it as a practical proxy for body fat. The simplicity of the calculation — no lab work, no specialized equipment — made it attractive for large-scale public health studies. That same simplicity, however, is also the source of its well-known blind spots.
The World Health Organization defines four primary BMI categories for adults: Underweight (below 18.5), Normal weight (18.5 to 24.9), Overweight (25.0 to 29.9), and Obese (30.0 and above). These thresholds apply to adults aged 20 and older regardless of sex. For children and adolescents, BMI is interpreted differently using age- and sex-specific percentile charts. Keep in mind that BMI is a population-level screening tool. It tells you something about statistical risk, but it cannot measure body composition directly. Two people with an identical BMI may carry very different amounts of muscle and fat.